Control Strategy to Generate PWM Signals with Stability Analysis for Dual Input Power Converter System

The prime role of a renewable resource based DC hybrid power system is, to maintain the output voltage constant with higher efficiency. In order to achieve this the duty cycles of the converter switches are dynamically controlled. Multiple input single output (MISO) converter uses separate controller for adjusting the duty cycle, this complicates the design and implementation of the system. Hence, to overcome this limitation a centralized controller is used. The control strategy depends on the pattern of gating signals given to the converter switches. When independent controller is employed, then gating signals of any pattern can be used to drive the switches. However, if a single controller is used, and then a definite pattern is very much essential otherwise, the output voltage and efficiency gets affected. In this paper, an attempt is made to validate and evaluate the performance parameters of MISO converter with two pattern of gating signals; they are synchronized and unsynchronized pulses at their rising edge. The control strategy focusses on the generation of these gating pulses. PID controller is tuned appropriately to determine the gains to achieve the stability of the proposed converter.  The dual input power converter validated to show how the PWM pattern affects the efficiency, ripple and regulation of the converter. Using MATLAB SIMULINK platform the simulation of the proposed concept with dual input converter in closed loop is validated. Simulation results proves that synchronized pulses gives DC efficiency of 87% at designed output of 12V output. Converter with unsynchronized PWM pulses operates at lesser efficiency of 75% and the output voltage is of 10V

Partogram: clinical study to assess the role of Partogram in primigravidae in labor

Background: Good obstetrician must always be alert to detect any sign and symptoms of abnormal labor. Prolongation of labor presents a picture of mental anguish, physical morbidity and may lead to surgical intervention. The goal of this study is to use partograph to monitor labor, initiate uterine activity that is sufficient to produce cervical change and fetal descent while avoiding uterine hyperstimulation, hypostimulation and fetal distress and provide timely surgical intervention where required.Methods: Total of 100 primigravidae, who were booked with us till term were selected for the study and partograph recordings were commenced at 4 cm dilatation. Close foetal and maternal monitoring was done throughout the labour and Partogram was plotted to detect any deviation from normal course.Results: Based on the Partogram findings the patients were grouped into “before alert line” and “between alert and action line” the mode of delivery in these patients was studied. Of the 42% of women who came into this group, 52.3% underwent cesarean delivery, 42.5% had instrumental deliveries and the remaining had vaginal deliveries.Conclusions: This study shows that using the Partogram improves the quality of delivery care, since it permits to identify dystocia and make logical and effective interventions. It reduces unnecessary strain on mothers by reducing total duration of labour, without any increased foetal morbidity and mortality. If accepted as routine procedure, it will be suitable in all situations where the labour room remains busy and congested day and night for better and more efficient management of labour

Pregnancy in uterus didelphys delivered by caesarean delivery: case report

Uterus didelphys represents a uterine malformation where the uterus is present as paired organ. There is presence of double uterine bodies with two separate cervices and often a double or septate vagina. Women with congenital malformations of uterus usually have higher incidence of complications during pregnancy and delivery. We report the case in our institute of a pregnancy in the left sided body of a didelphys uterus delivered by caesarean section

Comparative study of single dose versus multiple doses of antibiotic prophylaxis in caesarean delivery

Background: Women undergoing caesarean delivery (CD) are 5 to 20 fold greater risk of infection than women of vaginal delivery group. Infectious complications after CD are an important and substantial cause of maternal morbidity and increase in the hospital stay and cost of treatment. The objective was to compare the efficacy of intravenous single dose, less costly cefotaxime and more expensive triple drug regimen (ceftriaxone+gentamycin+metrogyl) for 5 post operative days, for prophylaxis in caesarean delivery.Methods: It is a prospective comparative study was undertaken on 300 subjects with 2 parallel treatment groups. Data were analyzed using Graphpad Instat 3 McIntosh software by Student’s t test, Mann–Whitney U test, the Chi-squared test or fisher’s exact test.Results: Comparatively narrow spectrum low cost cefotaxime is as effective as more expensive commonly used triple drug regimen with no significant difference of infectious morbidity.Conclusions: Less costly cefotaxime should be preferred compared to more costly triple drug regimen for prophylaxis at caesarean section

An unusual case of posterior vaginal wall cyst

Vaginal cysts are rare and are mostly detected as an incidental finding during a gynecological examination. The commonest type of simple vaginal cyst is the Mullerian cyst arising from paramesonephric duct remnants. These are typically lined by columnar epithelium and contain serous or mucinous fluid. A 41 year old multiparous woman presented with mass per vagina since 6 months. On examination, posterior vaginal wall cyst of 8 x 4 x 3 cm was detected. Surgical excision of the cyst was done under spinal anaesthesia by sharp and blunt dissection. The cyst was filled with mucoid material and histopathological examination confirmed mullerian origin. This is a rare presentation of mullerian cysts developing posteriorly

Outcomes of transvaginal multifetal pregnancy reduction without injecting potassium chloride

Background: Assisted reproductive technologies and the use of fertility drugs have significantly increased the prevalence of multiple pregnancy in last three decades. Various techniques and routes have been studied so far regarding fetal reduction to achieve healthy viable pregnancy. The current study aims to study different outcomes of multifetal pregnancy reduction without injecting potassium chloride.Methods: Total 57 patients were studied from October 2011 to November 2012 at our centre. 28 were higher order pregnancies who consented for fetal reduction and 29 were nonreduced twins as control group. It was a prospective comparative study. Fetal reduction was done transvaginally between 8-12 weeks by intracardiac puncture followed by manual aspiration of embryonic parts till asystole. Use of KCl was avoided. The most easily accessible sac was chosen for reduction. All were reduced to twins. Reduction to singleton and selective reduction of anomalous fetus were removed from the study as it could have created a bias in the comparison. The primary outcomes like miscarriage, post procedure complications, mean gestational age at delivery, preterm delivery, mean birth weight were studied. The outcomes of reduced twins were compared with that of nonreduced twins. The various secondary outcomes like IUGR, take home baby rate, neonatal morbidity, mortality, maternal morbidity and mortality, associated obstetric complications were studied.Results: Both groups were comparable with respect to age and parity. The average gestation of fetal reduction was 9.46 weeks. Abortion rate was 17.9% (n=5) in reduced group which was statistically significant. 4 patients were lost to follow up. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to cesarean section rate, preterm delivery, mean birth weight, mean gestational delivery between two groups. No incidence of IUGR in the series. One baby died in the control group, none in reduced group. Take home baby rate 79.1%. Overall the antenatal and post-operative complications were higher in control group than in reduced but it was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Fetal reduction is a feasible option for triplets and higher orders multiple pregnancies. Use of KCl is not mandatory for multifetal pregnancy reduction. It is best avoided as there are increased rates of preterm labour and PPROM. There is increase in abortion rate after multifetal pregnancy reduction in comparison to nonreduced twins. So couple should be counseled about the probability of losing the entire pregnancy. The obstetric and neonatal outcomes of reduced and nonreduced twins are comparable, thus fetal reduction as a procedure is not adding any extra risk on pregnancy outcome

Pharmacognostic Investigation and HPTLC Fingerprinting of a Siddha Polyherbal Drug, Padai chankaran

The present study aims to establish the quality and purity of a Siddha formulation, Padai chankaran by laying down various pharmacognostic parameters, physico-chemical constants and HPTLC fingerprint profiles. Padai chankaran is a Siddha polyherbal preparation comprised of Catunaregum spinosa – root bark, C. spinosa – seed and Alangium salvifolium – root bark as the ingredients. The formulation is used as an external application, having astringent, anthelmintic and antiseptic activities that supports in healing of ulcers and dermatological diseases. Powder microscopy studies and physico-chemical analysis were carried out. Also, an attempt has been made to develop a HPTLC method for phytochemical fingerprinting and the mobile phase Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5: 2: 0.1) gave the best resolution for various components. Hence, the aforesaid analyses confirmed the purity and quality of the Siddha formulation for their future applications. Keywords: Padai chankaran, powder microscopy, physico-chemical, HPTLC studie

A Cross Sectional Study of Feto-Maternal Outcome for Second Stage Cesarean Delivery

Background: Caesarean delivery at full dilation of cervix is associated with increased technical difficulty and feto-maternalcomplications.Objectives: To know the short term maternal and foetal outcome in second stage caesarean deliveries. Material & Methods: Thisis a descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study done at Vani Vilas hospital attached to Bangalore medical college and research institute fromJan 2022 to Dec 2022. Intra operative and immediate post operative complications were collected from case record, mother and new-born were followed during hospital stay till discharge. Data entered in MS excel sheet and analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive statistics of the explanatory and outcome variables were calculated by mean, standard deviation for quantitative variables, frequency and proportions for qualitative variables. Results: Sample size was 98 women in one year. Mean Age of the sample population is 25.71±3.26 years, 67.3% are primi gravid women. Common methods of extraction included Vertex and Patwardhan method. Extension of hysterotomy incision seen in 20.4%. PPH seen in 16% of women. About 16% of new-borns required NICU admission. One still birth and two neonatal deaths were noted. Conclusions: Second stage caesarean delivery carries increased morbidity both to mother and child. Skill and expertise are required to reduce the complications during second stage caesarean sections